Inmultirea plantelor ornamentale prin bulbi, tuberobulbi si tuberculi

Inmultirea plantelor ornamentale prin bulbi, tuberobulbi si tuberculi
Anumite parti ale unei plante, sunt capabile de a reface intregul organism al acesteia. Inmultirea pe cale vegetativa are avantajul de a reproduce intocmai caracterele vegetative ale anumitei planei.
Dintre tipurile de inmultire vegetativa, descriem in continuare inmultirea plantelor prin bulbi, tuberobulbi si tuberculi. Astfel, bulbii sau "cepele" se intalnesc la zambile, lalele, narcise, ghiocei, crini etc. Servesc fie la inmultirea plantei, fie la fortarea unei plante pentru a inflori in anumite sezoane (curent iarna), aşa cum se practica de exemplu la zambile, prin simpla punere a discului in contact cu apa. Alaturi de bulbi se formeaza in pamant şi "pui" — bulbili, cepe de dimensiuni mai micii care, de obicei, nu produc flori in primul an de la plantare. Prin tuberobulbi, se practica inmultirea la gladiole si frezii, tuberobulbii fiind o tulpina subterana. In jurul tuberobulbilor se formeaza "pui"-tuberobulbi de diverse dimensiuni. Si acestia reconstituie planta, dar infloritul ei are loc dupa 1—3 ani. Tuberobulbii se scot dim pamant, se separa de "pui" şi se pastreaza pana la plantare. Tuberculii sunt organe cu muguri axilari şi frunzulite solzoase, care se formeaza in pamant şi servesc la inmultirea plantelor. Dupa ce plantele se ofilesc şi planta intra in repaos (toamna) tuberculii se scot din pamant si se pastreaza la loc uscat şi temperat. Iarna sau primavara se planteaza in pamant afanat. Prin aceste organe se inmultesc: Caladium si Glorios. Anumite specii, ca de exempplu: dalia, begonia cu tuberculi, formeaza radacini tuberizale, dar care singure nu reproduc planta, deoarece n-au muguri axilari, frunzulite solzoase. De aceea, pentru inmultire, radacinile tuberizate se separa fiecare cu o bucatica de colet, pe care se gasesc 1—2 muguri. Separarea radacinilor se face in perioada de repaos a plantelor.

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